Registration Register Username Email Required password Password again I agree with terms of service.Register now Already have an account?_ Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top up vote 1 down vote favorite I am about to apply traditional univariate GARCH tools to analyze the volatility of the Bitcoin - US Dollar exchange rate.The index that I would like to investigate is the Bitcoin Market Price (hereafter simply "BMP") that is compiled and reported by the Blockchain.info information provider at this link: https://blockchain.info/en/charts/market-price.Blockchain.info provides open, high, low, close and 24h-average exchange rates series.In my analysis, I will use the 24h-average series.The above page's headline states that the BMP is an "average USD market price across major bitcoin exchanges" which, I guess, are those tracked at the "Markets" section of the website.

PS: I do not have at least 10 points of reputation right now.Therefore, I cannot post here the link for the Markets page which is one of the top-screen ribbons on the main page of the website.So, my question is: Is there any available detailed information on how the BMP is technically calculated?It would be of particular interest to me to know the following: a) Is the BMP calculated as an average of the exchange rates that are tracked at the Markets section that I already mentioned?If so, what kind of average?b) Is the BMP weighed by the four exchanges' respective transaction volumes?c) Are Bitcoin trades other than those with US Dollar included in the BMP?If so, which (official/unofficial) fiat exchange rates are used to state the BMP in US Dollar terms?d) How often is the BMP updated during any calendar day?Does update take place every 15 minutes (i.e.time for the Blockchain.info Price API to update) ?Basically, what I am looking for is a schedule of the criteria for the calculation of the BMP like the one that e.g.

Coindesk provides for its own ticker.I hope the question is clear enough.Any help is deeply appreciated.blockchain.info exchange-rate price-volatility Your Answer Sign up or log in Sign up using Google Sign up using Email and Password Post as a guest Name Email discard By posting your answer, you agree to the privacy policy and terms of service.buku bitcoinBrowse other questions tagged blockchain.info exchange-rate price-volatility or ask your own question.why bitcoin value droppingExplore Live Demo Take a look at our Demo Account and investigate all the settings and live data in action.bitcoin wallet qr codeDid you like it?rublecoin bitcoin

You can instantly sign-up for your own account.New AI Many improvements and features are coming ahead.Bitcoin Mining Pool Tradition & Trust First Bitcoin mining pool in the world Operating since December 2010 Over 1,000,000 BTC mined since December 2010 Long history of stable and accurate payouts Active New features have been added.bitcoin zasadySee Release Notes for more information.bitcoin ticker pluginDevelopment proposals driven by your hash rate Submit your own idea about how the pool should change and let everybody to vote Reward System Our unique reward system provides stable and transparent rewards for loyal miners.Availability Our servers are distributed around the world.The intelligent load balancing and fail-over system ensures you are up and running 99.9% of the time.Security The entire infrastructure runs on highly secured servers.

Your wallet address can be secured with two-factor-authentication (2FA).Support Our support team is here for you 24/7.We are working hard to give you a helpful answer in any situation.Facebook news Jun 22, 2017 : We share transaction fees with you, #Bitcoin #miners, thereby making your mining operation more profitable: (up to 20%) Join Us!Jun 02, 2017 : We mined the very first #BIP148 block #469345 today.If you wish to see them more, just vote: http://bit.ly/2swwJQn Apr 20, 2017 : Hi miners, we are launching Zcash mining with 0% pool fee today.Did you know it is still possible to mine it with your GPU?Jo... Apr 10, 2017 : Today, we are happy to release the first official version of our mobile monitoring apps.Check them out ;) https://blog.slushpo... Mar 30, 2017 : #miners, let's enjoy the massive rain of new #Bitcoin #blocks together with @slush_pool today!🌲 commits branches releases Fetching contributors Fetching latest commit… README.md bitcoin-merkle-proof Verify Bitcoin Merkle trees Bitcoin BIP37 adds support for merkleblock messages, which allow clients to download blocks that only include transactions relevant to them.

The transactions are selected via a Bloom Filter.This module creates and verifies the Merkle proofs in a merkleblock message, and lists the included transactions which match the filter.Usage npm install bitcoin-merkle-proof var merkleProof = bmp.build(block) Construct proof object for transactions.Proof object: var hashes = bmp.verify(merkleProof) Verifies a Merkle proof object.An error will be thrown if the tree is not valid or does not match the expected Merkle root.Returns an array of txids (as Buffers) which matched the Bloom filter.CTB-Locker ransomware virus infiltrates operating systems via infected email messages and fake downloads (for example, rogue video players or fake Flash updates).After successful infiltration, this malicious program encrypts various files (*.doc, *.docx, *.xls, *.ppt, *.psd, *.pdf, *.eps, *.ai, *.cdr, *.jpg, etc.)stored on computers and demands a ransom payment of $300 (in Bitcoins) to decrypt them (encrypted documents receive the .ctbl files extension).

Cyber criminals responsible for releasing this rogue program ensure that it executes on all Windows operating system versions (Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8).CTB-Locker ransomware creates AllFilesAreLocked.bmp DecryptAllFiles.txt and [seven random letters].html files within each folder containing the encrypted files.These files contain instructions detailing how users may decrypt their files, and on use of the Tor browser (an anonymous web browser).Cyber criminals use Tor to hide their identities.PC users should beware that while the infection itself is not complicated to remove, decryption of files (encrypted using RSA 2048 encryption) affected by this malicious program is impossible without paying the ransom.At time of research, there were no tools or solutions capable of decrypting files encrypted by Critroni.Note that the private key required to decrypt the files is stored on the CTB-Locker command-and-control servers, which are managed by cyber criminals.Therefore, the best solution is to remove this ransomware virus and then restore your data from a backup.

Ransomware infections such as CTB-Locker (including CryptoWall, CryptoDefense, CryptorBit, and Cryptolocker) present a strong case to maintain regular backups of your stored data.Note that paying the ransom as demanded by this ransomware is equivalent to sending your money to cyber criminals - you will support their malicious business model and there is no guarantee that your files will ever be decrypted.To avoid computer infection with ransomware such as this, express caution when opening email messages, since cyber criminals use various catchy titles to trick PC users into opening infected email attachments (for example, "UPS Exception Notification" or "FedEx Delivery Failure Notification").Research shows that cyber criminals also use P2P networks and fake downloads containing bundled ransomware infections to proliferate Critroni.Currently, the 'Your personal files are encrypted' ransomware threat is delivered in the English and Russian languages.Therefore, countries speaking these languages are at the top of the target list of cyber criminals proliferating this malware.

Update 2015 January 20 - Cyber criminals have released an updated version of CTB-Locker ransomware targeting USA, Italy, Netherlands, and Germany.This variant is mostly distributed using fake fax notification emails with infected attachments.Cyber criminals have also extended the time frame in which their victims must pay the ransom to regain control of their files to 96 hours (previously, 72 hours): Message presented in AllFilesAreLocked.bmp DecryptAllFiles.txt and [7 random letters].html files: Your documents, photos, databases and other important files have been encrypted with strongest encryption and unique key, generated for this computer.Private decryption key is stored on a secret Internet server and nobody can decrypt your files until you pay and obtain the private key.If you see the main locker window, follow the instructions on the locker.Otherwise, it's seems that you or your antivirus deleted the locker program.Now you have the last chance to decrypt your files.

in your Internet browser.It opens the Tor site.Press 'Download Tor', then press 'DOWNLOAD Tor Browser Bundle',   install and run it.Now you have Tor Browser.In the Tor Browser open the hxxp://zaxseiufetlkwpeu.onion   Note that this server is available via Tor Browser only.Retry in 1 hour if site is not reachable.Copy and paste the following public key in the input form on server.Follow the instructions on the server.Screenshot of CTB-Locker Tor based website explaining victims how to pay the ransom to decrypt their files (links to this Tor site can be found in the AllFilesAreLocked [victims_id].bmp, DecryptAllFiles [victims_id].txt, and [random].html files): Text presented within this website: Payment requiredServer accepts payment in Bitcoin (BTC) only.If you have bitcoins:1.Pay amount of 3 BTC to address: 1Hf2vPmYNxzFYWiaURs75h8JoyCczLXCG22.Transaction will take about 15-30 minutes to confirm.If you do not have bitcoins:1./ and find person who sells bitcoins near you.Buy 3 BTC (about of 1740 USD) and make direct deposit to bitcoin address: 1Hf2vPmYNxzFYWiaURs75h8JoyCczLXCG2   Exact payment amount can vary depending of exchange rates.4.

Transaction completion may take several days.Reload this page in 15 minutes.After transaction completes you will be redirected to decryption page.Don't worry if some errors occurs and connection was broken.Wait 15 minutes and press F5.To make sure that decryption is possible you are allowed to decrypt 2 any files for free.File size is limited up to 1 Mbyte.Cyber criminals now use a fake Windows 10 update email message with an infected attachment to spread this ransomware (the infected file is called "Win10Installer.zip" - please do not download this attachment): Screenshots of infected email messages used in CTB Locker ransomware distribution: Text presented within infected email messages: ) This is a follow-up on your package delivery (tracking number 0p2uYq5RIho).The package contained in the above-mentioned shipment was not accepted at the destination address.Please contact your local UPS office and produce the printed delivery sticker, included in this email attachment.

Please note that in case of a failure to contact your local UPS office within 21 days the parcel will be returned to sender. This is automatically generated delivery status email, please do to reply to it.Screenshot of the AllFilesAreLocked.bmp file: Screenshot of the DecryptAllFiles.txt file: Screenshot of the [seven random letters].html file: 'Your personal files are encrypted' ransomware payment page: Message presented on the 'Your personal files are encrypted' ransom payment page: Screenshot of CTB-Locker affiliate server: Cyber criminals responsible for creating CTB-Locker ransomware use an affiliate scheme to spread their malware.Affiliates who register and distribute CTB-Locker receive 70% of the profits generated by this ransomware.Note: at time of writing, there were no known tools capable of decrypting files encrypted by CTB-Locker without paying the ransom.By following this removal guide, you will be able to remove this ransomware from your computer, however, the affected files will remain encrypted.

We will update this article as soon as there is more information available regarding decryption of compromised files.Update February 13, 2016 - CTB-Locker or Cyber criminals using the name of this Windows ransomware have started encrypting websites hosted on Linux servers.The criminals demand a 0.4 BTC ransom to return data to the webmasters of the compromised websites.Previously known ransomware targeting webmasters in this manner was named Linux.Encoder.Screenshot of the homepage from a website compromised by CTB-Locker ransomware: Text presented on the homepage ("Attention!What happened?") of the CTB-Locker compromised website: Attention!What happened?:Your personal files are encrypted by CTB-Locker.Your scripts, documents, photos, databases and other important files have been encrypted with strongest encryption algorithm AES-256 and unique key, generated for this site.Decryption key is stored on a secret Internet server and nobody can decrypt your files until you pay and obtain the decryption key.

Fbi's advice on cryptolocker just pay the ransom What to do?For decrypt your files you need to make a few simple steps:1.Send 0.4 BTC (~150$) to the address -3.After payment, confirmation is expected within from 15 minutes to 3 hours.You can track confirmations of your transaction in -4.Click button:DECRYPTYou must carry out this actions before: - At the expiry of the time redemption amount will be 0.8 BTC.Please make payment in a timely.Do not try to cheat the system, edit encrypted files, edit CTB-locker internal files or delete any file.This will result in the inability to recover your data, and we can not help you.Only way to keep your files is to follow the instruction.“Chat Room” - Live chat feature to communicate directly to cyber criminals: Text presented in the “Chat Room” page: If you have any questions or suggestions, please leave a english message below.To prove that you are an administrator, you must specify the name of the secret file that is in same directory with index.php.

We will reply to you within 24 hours.“Free decrypt” page - cyber criminals allow victims to decrypt two files free of charge: Text presented in the “Free decrypt” page: We give you the opportunity to decipher 2 files free!DECRYPT IT FREE You can make sure that the service really works and after payment for the CTB-Locker script you can actually decrypt the files.Do not attempt to replace free decrypted files because they have another encryption key!If you will try to decrypt by this key other files, you will break it.Windows XP and Windows 7 users: Start your computer in Safe Mode.Click Start, click Shut Down, click Restart, click OK.During your computer start process, press the F8 key on your keyboard multiple times until you see the Windows Advanced Option menu, then select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.Video showing how to start Windows 7 in "Safe Mode with Networking": Windows 8 users: Go to the Windows 8 Start Screen, type Advanced, in the search results select Settings.

Click on Advanced Startup options, in the opened "General PC Settings" window select Advanced Startup.Click on the "Restart now" button.Your computer will now restart into "Advanced Startup options menu".Click on the "Troubleshoot" button, then click on "Advanced options" button.In the advanced option screen click on "Startup settings".Click on the "Restart" button.Your PC will restart into the Startup Settings screen.Press "5" to boot in Safe Mode with Networking.Video showing how to start Windows 8 in "Safe Mode with Networking": Windows 10 users: Click the Windows logo and select the Power icon.In the opened menu click "Restart" while holding "Shift" button on your keyboard.In the "choose an option" window click on the "Troubleshoot", next select "Advanced options".In the advanced options menu select "Startup Settings" and click on the "Restart" button.In the following window you should click the "F5" button on your keyboard.This will restart your operating system in safe mode with networking.

Video showing how to start Windows 10 in "Safe Mode with Networking": Log in to the account infected with the CTB-Locker virus.Start your Internet browser and download a legitimate anti-spyware program.Update the anti-spyware software and start a full system scan.Remove all entries detected.Download Remover for Windows If you need assistance removing this ransomware, give us a call 24/7:(866) 983-7844 By downloading any software listed on this website you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.Free scanner checks if your computer is infected.To remove malware, you have to purchase the full version of Combo Cleaner.If you cannot start your computer in Safe Mode with Networking, try performing a System Restore.Video showing how to remove ransomware virus using "Safe Mode with Command Prompt" and "System Restore": 1.During your computer start process, press the F8 key on your keyboard multiple times until the Windows Advanced Options menu appears, and then select Safe Mode with Command Prompt from the list and press ENTER.

When Command Prompt mode loads, enter the following line: cd restore and press ENTER.Next, type this line: rstrui.exe and press ENTER.In the opened window, click "Next".Select one of the available Restore Points and click "Next" (this will restore your computer system to an earlier time and date, prior to the CTB-Locker ransomware virus infiltrating your PC).In the opened window, click "Yes".After restoring your computer to a previous date, download and scan your PC with recommended malware removal software to eliminate any remaining Critroni files.To restore individual files encrypted by this ransomware, try using the Windows Previous Versions feature.This method is only effective if the System Restore function was enabled on an infected operating system.Note that some variants of CTB-Locker are known to remove Shadow Volume Copies of the files, so this method may not work on all computers.To restore a file, right-click on it, go into Properties, and select the Previous Versions tab.

If the relevant file has a Restore Point, select it and click the "Restore" button.If you cannot start your computer in Safe Mode with Networking (or with Command Prompt), boot your computer using a rescue disk.Some variants of ransomware disable Safe Mode, thus making its removal complicated.For this step, you require access to another computer.To protect your computer from file encrypting ransomware such as this, use reputable antivirus and anti-spyware programs.As an extra protection method, you can use programs called HitmanPro.Alert and Malwarebytes Anti-Ransomware, which artificially implant group policy objects into the registry to block rogue programs such as CTB-Locker.HitmanPro.Alert CryptoGuard - detects encryption of files and neutralises such attempts without need for user intervention: Malwarebytes Anti-Ransomware Beta uses advanced proactive technology that monitors ransomware activity and terminates it immediately - before reaching users' files: Other tools known to remove CTB-Locker ransomware: