bitcoin svg
Diverda is a trademark of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, exclusively licensed through Linotype GmbH, and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.This font software may not be reproduced, modified, disclosed or transferred without the express written approval of Linotype GmbH.This typeface is original artwork of Daniel Lanz.The design may be protected in certain jurisdictions.Diverda Sans is a geometric family of typefaces that are all free from ornament.Swiss designer Daniel Lanz optimized Diverda Sans for maximum legibility.In contrast to many other modern typefaces, which try to squeeze the traditional rounder forms of the alphabet into square designs, and which often attempt to equalize the widths of the capital letters, Diverda Sans remains true to the proper proportions of the Roman alphabet.The x-heights of Diverda's characters are low, and the differences between curved, square, and triangular elements are very clear.Like the more calligraphic typefaces of the past, Diverda's strokes exhibit contrast that is inspired by movements of the pen on paper; down strokes are heavier than up strokes.
Possible applications for the Diverda Sans include magazine design, as well as advertising for fashion, design, or architectural products.Because of its 10 different individual styles or weights, Diverda Sans is also a good fit for Corporate Identity solutions.NOTIFICATION OF LICENSE AGREEMENTYou have obtained this typeface software either directly from Linotype GmbH or together with software distributed by one of Linotype's licensees.This software is a valuable asset of Linotype GmbH.Unless you have entered into a specific license agreement granting you additional rights, your use of this software is limited to your workstation for your own use.You may not copy or distribute this software.///license.Linotype GmbH can be contacted at:Tel.: +49(0)6172 484-418File:Bitcoin explained in 3 minutes.webmBitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a digital payment system[13]:3 invented by an unknown programmer, or a group of programmers, under the name Satoshi Nakamoto.[14]It was released as open-source software in 2009.[15]The
system is peer-to-peer, and transactions take place between users directly, without an intermediary.[13]:4Since the system works without a central repository or single administrator, bitcoin is called the first decentralized digital currency.[13]:1[16]Besidesbeing created as a reward for mining, bitcoin can be exchanged for other currencies,[17] products, and services in legal or black markets.[18][19]Asof February 2015, over 100,000 merchants and vendors accepted bitcoin as payment.[20]According to research produced by Cambridge University in 2017, there are 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.[21]Contents12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The word bitcoin occurred in the white paper[22] that defined bitcoin published on 31 October 2008.[23]The white paper frequently uses the shorter coin.[22]Thereis no uniform convention for bitcoin capitalization.The Wall Street Journal,[26] The Chronicle of Higher Education,[27] and the Oxford English Dictionary[24] advocate use of lowercase bitcoin in all cases, which this article follows.Number of unspent transaction outputsThe blockchain is a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions.[28]
7 which links it to the previous block,[28] thus giving the blockchain its name.In order to be accepted by the rest of the network, a new block must contain a so-called proof-of-work.[28]
bitcoin eller inte8) before meeting the difficulty target.Every 2016 blocks (approximately 14 days), the difficulty target is adjusted based on the network's recent performance, with the aim of keeping the average time between new blocks at ten minutes.
deposit bitcoin sms8Between 1 March 2014 and 1 March 2015, the average number of nonces miners had to try before creating a new block increased from 16.4 quintillion to 200.5 quintillion.[36]The
mine litecoin without poolproof-of-work system, alongside the chaining of blocks, makes modifications of the blockchain extremely hard, as an attacker must modify all subsequent blocks in order for the modifications of one block to be accepted.[37]
As new blocks are mined all the time, the difficulty of modifying a block increases as time passes and the number of subsequent blocks (also called confirmations of the given block) increases.[28]Thesuccessful miner finding the new block is rewarded with newly created bitcoins and transaction fees.[38]Eventually, the reward will decrease to zero, and the limit of 21 million bitcoins[note 6] will be reached c. 2140; the record keeping will then be rewarded by transaction fees solely.[40]Inother words, bitcoin's inventor Nakamoto set a monetary policy based on artificial scarcity at bitcoin's inception that there would only ever be 21 million bitcoins in total.Their numbers are being released roughly every ten minutes and the rate at which they are generated would drop by half every four years until all were in circulation.[41]BitcoinA wallet stores the information necessary to transact bitcoins.At its most basic, a wallet is a collection of these keys.There are several types of wallets.
Software wallets can be split further in two categories: full clients and lightweight clients.Besides software wallets, Internet services called online wallets offer similar functionality but may be easier to use.wallets store the credentials necessary to spend bitcoins offline.[43]Another type of wallet called a hardware wallet keeps credentials offline while facilitating transactions.[53]Thefirst wallet program was released in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto as open-source code.[15]Today, other forks of Bitcoin Core exist such as Bitcoin XT, Bitcoin Classic, Bitcoin Unlimited,[56][57] and Parity Bitcoin.[58]SimplifiedIn reality, a transaction can have more than one input and more than one output.Ownership of bitcoins implies that a user can spend bitcoins associated with a specific address.5If the private key is lost, the bitcoin network will not recognize any other evidence of ownership;[13] the coins are then unusable, and thus effectively lost.For example, in 2013 one user claimed to have lost 7,500 bitcoins, worth $7.5 million at the time, when he accidentally discarded a hard drive containing his private key.[59]Bitcoin
creator Satoshi Nakamoto designed bitcoin to not need a central authority.[22]Treasury,[10] Reuters,[16] The Washington Post,[19] The Daily Herald,[60] The New Yorker,[61] and others, bitcoin is decentralized.Bitcoin is pseudonymous, meaning that funds are not tied to real-world entities but rather bitcoin addresses.Additionally, bitcoin exchanges, where bitcoins are traded for traditional currencies, may be required by law to collect personal information.[63]Toheighten financial privacy, a new bitcoin address can be generated for each transaction.[64]Researchers at Stanford University and Concordia University have also shown that bitcoin exchanges and other entities can prove assets, liabilities, and solvency without revealing their addresses using zero-knowledge proofs.[67]Accordingto Dan Blystone, "Ultimately, bitcoin resembles cash as much as it does credit cards."[68]Walletsand similar software technically handle all bitcoins as equivalent, establishing the basic level of fungibility.
Projects such as CryptoNote, Zerocoin, and Dark Wallet aim to address these privacy and fungibility issues.[70][71]Bitcoinwas initially led by Satoshi Nakamoto.The reference implementation of the bitcoin protocol called Bitcoin Core obtained competing versions that propose to solve various governance and blocksize debates; as of July 2016, the alternatives were called Bitcoin XT, Bitcoin Classic, and Bitcoin Unlimited.[73]Theblocks in the blockchain are limited to one megabyte in size, which has created problems for bitcoin transaction processing, such as increasing transaction fees and delayed processing of transactions that cannot be fit into a block.[74]Contenders to solve the scalability problem are referred to as Bitcoin Classic,[75] Bitcoin Unlimited,[76] and a solution referred to as SegWit2x.[77]Bitcoinwas created[15] by Satoshi Nakamoto,[14] who published the invention[15] on 31 October 2008 to a cryptography mailing list[23] in a research paper called "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".[22]
The identity of Nakamoto remains unknown, though many have claimed to know it.[14]InJanuary 2009, the bitcoin network came into existence with the release of the first open source bitcoin client and the issuance of the first bitcoins,[78][79][80][81] with Satoshi Nakamoto mining the first block of bitcoins ever (known as the genesis block), which had a reward of 50 bitcoins.One of the first supporters, adopters, contributor to bitcoin and receiver of the first bitcoin transaction was programmer Hal Finney.Other early supporters were Wei Dai, creator of bitcoin predecessor b-money, and Nick Szabo, creator of bitcoin predecessor bit gold.[84]Inthe early days, Nakamoto is estimated to have mined 1 million bitcoins.[85]Before disappearing from any involvement in bitcoin, Nakamoto in a sense handed over the reins to developer Gavin Andresen, who then became the bitcoin lead developer at the Bitcoin Foundation, the 'anarchic' bitcoin community's closest thing to an official public face.[86]The
value of the first bitcoin transactions were negotiated by individuals on the bitcointalk forums with one notable transaction of 10,000 BTC used to indirectly purchase two pizzas delivered by Papa John's.[78]On6 August 2010, a major vulnerability in the bitcoin protocol was spotted.Within hours, the transaction was spotted and erased from the transaction log after the bug was fixed and the network forked to an updated version of the bitcoin protocol.[89][87][88]Bitcoinis a digital asset[90] designed by its inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, to work as a currency.[22][91]It is commonly referred to with terms like: digital currency,[13]:1 digital cash,[92] virtual currency,[9] electronic currency,[25] or cryptocurrency.[93]Thequestion whether bitcoin is a currency or not is still disputed.[93]As of March 2014, the bitcoin market suffered from volatility, limiting the ability of bitcoin to act as a stable store of value, and retailers accepting bitcoin use other currencies as their principal unit of account.[95]Liquidity
(estimated, USD/year, logarithmic scale).[31]Accordingto research produced by Cambridge University in 2017, there are between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.The number of users has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 0.3 to 1.3 million users.[21]In2015, the number of merchants accepting bitcoin exceeded 100,000.[20]As of December 2014 select firms that accept payments in bitcoin include:A bitcoin ATM in Vienna – WestbahnhofSome U.S.In late 2013 the University of Nicosia became the first university in the world to accept bitcoins and also began offering a degree program on the study of digital currencies.[135]Merchantsaccepting bitcoin, such as Dish Network, use the services of bitcoin payment service providers such as BitPay or Coinbase.When a customer pays in bitcoin, the payment service provider accepts the bitcoin on behalf of the merchant, directly converts it, and sends the obtained amount to merchant's bank account, charging a fee of less than 1 percent for the service.[136]Bitcoin
companies have had difficulty opening traditional bank accounts because lenders have been leery of bitcoin's links to illicit activity.[137]Nonetheless, Australian banks have keenly adopted the blockchain technology on which bitcoin is based.[142]Ina 2013 report, Bank of America Merrill Lynch stated that "we believe bitcoin can become a major means of payment for e-commerce and may emerge as a serious competitor to traditional money-transfer providers."[143]In June 2014, the first bank that converts deposits in currencies instantly to bitcoin without any fees was opened in Boston.[144]SomeArgentinians have bought bitcoins to protect their savings against high inflation or the possibility that governments could confiscate savings accounts.[63]During the 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, bitcoin purchases in Cyprus rose due to fears that savings accounts would be confiscated or taxed.[145]Othermethods of investment are bitcoin funds.Forbes started publishing arguments in favor of investing in December 2015.[147]In
2013 and 2014, the European Banking Authority[148] and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), a United States self-regulatory organization,[149] warned that investing in bitcoins carries significant risks.In 2015, bitcoin topped Bloomberg's currency tables.[152]Accordingto Bloomberg, in 2013 there were about 250 bitcoin wallets with more than $1 million worth of bitcoins.The number of bitcoin millionaires is uncertain as people can have more than one wallet.[153]Venturecapitalists, such as Peter Thiel's Founders Fund, which invested US$3 million in BitPay, do not purchase bitcoins themselves, instead funding bitcoin infrastructure like companies that provide payment systems to merchants, exchanges, wallet services, etc.[154]According to a 2015 study by Paolo Tasca, bitcoin startups raised almost $1 billion in three years (Q1 2012 – Q1 2015).[158]Price[note7] (left vertical axis, logarithmic scale) and volatility[note 8] (right vertical axis).[31]Accordingto Mark T. Williams, as of 2014, bitcoin has volatility seven times greater than gold, eight times greater than the S&P 500, and 18 times greater than the U.S.
According to Forbes, there are uses where volatility does not matter, such as online gambling, tipping, and international remittances.[160]Theprice of bitcoins has gone through various cycles of appreciation and depreciation referred to by some as bubbles and busts.[161][162]Also in January 2015, Business Insider reported that deep web drug dealers were "freaking out" as they lost profits through being unable to convert bitcoin revenue to cash quickly enough as the price declined – and that there was a danger that dealers selling reserves to stay in business might force the bitcoin price down further.[169]Accordingto The Wall Street Journal, as of April 2016, bitcoin is starting to look slightly more stable than gold.[170]On 3 March 2017, the price of a bitcoin has surpassed the market value of an ounce of gold for the first time and its price surged to an all-time high.[171][172]Thelegal status of bitcoin varies substantially from country to country and is still undefined or changing in many of them.
Regulations and bans that apply to bitcoin probably extend to similar cryptocurrency systems.[173]Theuse of bitcoin by criminals has attracted the attention of financial regulators, legislative bodies, law enforcement, and the media.[174]Senate held a hearing on virtual currencies in November 2013.[19]Severalnews outlets have asserted that the popularity of bitcoins hinges on the ability to use them to purchase illegal goods.[91][176]In 2014, researchers at the University of Kentucky found "robust evidence that computer programming enthusiasts and illegal activity drive interest in bitcoin, and find limited or no support for political and investment motives."[177]InSeptember 2015, the establishment of the peer-reviewed academic journal Ledger (ISSN 2379-5980) was announced.Authors are also asked to include a personal bitcoin address in the first page of their papers.[180][181]Inthe fall of 2014, undergraduate students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) each received bitcoins worth $100 "to better understand this emerging technology".
The bitcoins were not provided by MIT but rather the MIT Bitcoin Club, a student-run club.[182][183]In2016, Stanford University launched a lab course on building bitcoin-enabled applications.[184]Thedocumentary film, The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin (late 2014), features interviews with people who use bitcoin, such as a computer programmer and a drug dealer.[185]Severallighthearted songs celebrating bitcoin have been released.[186]InCharles Stross' science fiction novel, Neptune's Brood (2013), a modification of bitcoin is used as the universal interstellar payment system.Stross has expressed concerns about the impact of bitcoin within societies.[188][189]Inearly 2015, the CNN series Inside Man featured an episode about bitcoin.Filmed in July 2014, it featured Morgan Spurlock living off bitcoins for a week, to figure out whether or not the world is ready for a new kind of currency.[190]CryptographyportalEconomics portalFree software portalInternet portalNumismatics portal^ a b As of 2014, BTC is a commonly used code.[2]